Iran’s proxy network in the Middle East

Iran's use of proxies to expand its influence throughout the Middle East and beyond is a complex and organised aspect of its foreign policy. By creating, funding, and endorsing several proxy organisations, Tehran has been able to combat rivals, project power, and advance its geopolitical goals without turning to direct armed conflict. These proxies, including Hezbollah in Lebanon, various Shia militias in Iraq, the Houthis in Yemen, and other aligned factions in Syria and beyond, serve as instrumental tools in Iran's asymmetric warfare strategy. Iran’s support for these groups encompasses a wide range of activities, from providing weapons, training, and financial assistance to offering ideological guidance and strategic direction.